南越国时期文字文物特展在广州开幕******
中新网广州1月11日电 (程景伟 徐莹)“字里春秋——南越国时期文字文物特展”11日在位于广州的南越王博物院(王墓展区)开幕，展出文物240件(套)，其中带字文物140件(套)，南越木简更是自出土以来的首次公开展出。
本次展览设有“帝国南隅”“宅兹番禺”“烟火人间”“书同华夏”四个部分，从南越国制度、都城营建、生产生活、华夏一统等各个方面，讲述文字文物中反映的两千多年前的南越国史。
南越文王墓出土“长乐宫器”陶瓮及其铭文拓片 南越王博物院 供图展览主要展示南越国宫署遗址及南越文王墓出土的带字文物，兼有岭南地区同时期的相关发现。其载体有青铜器、陶器、漆器、木简等，书写方式有印、戳、刻划、墨书等，文字内容涵盖地名、纪年、宫室名称、官职人名、刑律税法、农耕养殖、祭礼战事等，属于当时人记当时事。
以此次展出的南越文王墓出土“长乐宫器”陶瓮为例，当时人习惯在器物上戳印宫室名称，以示其所属。历史文献记载，“长乐宫”为汉长安城内的宫殿建筑，但这件陶瓮为南越文化特有器型，其纹饰也体现出显著的南方风格，应为本地烧造。故此“长乐宫”应是南越国自建的宫殿，反映了南越国效仿中原王朝进行宫室营建和命名。
南越国宫署遗址出土的“公主简” 南越王博物院 供图本次展览精选30件南越木简展出，有记录宫中御苑种植枣树之事，也有记录税收、刑罚、战事等事，内容相当丰富，可窥见当时王宫御苑中的历史细节。其中有一件木简的简文“张成故公主诞舍人廿六年七月属将常使□□□蕃禺人”。通过此简的“廿六年”，能判断其记录之事发生在南越国第一任君主赵佗在位二十六年。简文中的“公主诞”，应为赵佗之女赵诞，这在《史记》《汉书》等传世文献中未见记载，补充了历史文献对岭南地区记录的不足，对了解南越王室成员及其属官、权力地位等情况具有重要意义。
据南越王博物院有关专家介绍，2004年，考古人员在南越国曲流石渠遗迹西北处的一口渗水井内，清理出一批南越国木简。从1995年南越国宫署遗址发掘开始，至此将近十年，都未见任何竹、木简牍，这批南越木简显得尤其珍贵。经过清理，木简共计百余枚，字数逾千个。
据考证，木简是目前南越国最早的出土文献，被誉为“岭南第一简”。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄 由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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